This article explains that atrocities—defined as widespread extrajudicial killings combined with other severe human rights violations—occur not only in autocratic states but also in democracies. The authors describe a new, systematic method they developed to classify and track these “brutality‑based atrocities” using consistent criteria across all countries. Their 40‑year dataset shows that atrocities are increasing globally and often emerge gradually after long periods of escalating abuses.
The researchers find that countries like Iran and India commit atrocities frequently, but the United States, Brazil, and Israel also meet the criteria in certain years due to patterns of police killings, political imprisonment, torture, and other rights violations. They argue that clearer definitions and early recognition of warning signs are essential for preventing future mass violence.
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